The Mid-Autumn Festival, called Zhōngqiū Jié in Chinese, is a beloved traditional holiday celebrated not just in China but also across many East and Southeast Asian countries like Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, and within Chinese communities worldwide. Also known as the Moon Festival or Mooncake Festival, it takes place on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, typically in September or early October. This time of year is marked by family reunions, moon gazing, and enjoying delicious mooncakes.
Origins of the Mid-Autumn Festival
The Mid-Autumn Festival dates back more than 3,000 years to the Shang Dynasty when Chinese emperors would worship the moon to ensure good harvests. It became more widely celebrated during the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE) and further developed into a key cultural event during the Song Dynasty (960–1279 CE).
The Legend of Chang'e
One of the most well-known stories linked to the Mid-Autumn Festival is the legend of Chang'e, the Moon Goddess. The tale tells of Hou Yi, an archer, who saved the Earth by shooting down nine of the ten suns that were scorching it. As a reward, he was given an elixir of immortality. However, Hou Yi chose not to drink it, wanting to stay with his wife, Chang'e. One day, a villain attempted to steal the elixir, and in order to protect it, Chang'e drank it herself. She ascended to the moon, where she remains. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, people gaze at the moon and recount the story of Chang'e, reflecting on their longing for distant loved ones.
Moon Gazing
A key part of the Mid-Autumn Festival is moon gazing. Families gather in gardens, on balconies, or in open areas to admire the full moon, which is thought to be at its most radiant and beautiful during this time. The moon represents unity and togetherness, making it a perfect symbol for family reunions.
Moon cakes
Mooncakes are the signature treat of the Mid-Autumn Festival. These round pastries, symbolizing the full moon, are usually filled with sweet or savory ingredients like lotus seed paste, red bean paste, nuts, or salted egg yolks. Exchanging mooncakes is a customary way to show love and offer good wishes. They come in many flavors and styles, with regional variations reflecting local preferences.
Lanterns
Lanterns are another key feature of the festival, especially for children. Colorful lanterns in all shapes and sizes light up the night, creating a joyful and magical atmosphere. In some regions, people write riddles on lanterns for others to solve, in a fun tradition called "Guessing Lantern Riddles."
Moon Worship
In traditional customs, families set up an altar with offerings like mooncakes, fruits, incense, and candles to honor the moon. They give thanks for the harvest and pray for blessings, health, and happiness, emphasizing the values of harmony and gratitude.
The Mid-Autumn Festival is a time of rich cultural heritage, celebrated with joy, unity, and reflection. From the ancient legend of Chang'e to the timeless tradition of moon gazing, this festival continues to be a meaningful occasion for families across the world. Whether through sharing moon cakes, lighting lanterns, or honoring the moon, the customs of this festival connect people with their roots and with each other, reminding us of the importance of togetherness, gratitude, and the beauty of the natural world. As we look to the moon this season, we can embrace these values and celebrate both the past and present traditions that make the Mid-Autumn Festival so special.
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